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Table 2 Perceived stress, depression, symptom frequencies, physical activity, BMI, and percent body fat by time period

From: A comparison of stress, symptoms, physical activity, and adiposity among women at midlife before and during the pandemic

 

Total

Pre-/early Covid-19

Mid-Covid-19

Later Covid-19

p-valuea

PSS-10b score

15.9 (6.4)

15.5 (5.9)

15.6 (6.6)

16.2 (6.6)

0.820

PHQ-9c score

4.9 (3.7)

5.0 (3.4)

5.2 (3.9)

4.8 (3.7)

0.829

Symptom frequencies

 Aches/stiffness in joints

81.5%

86.1%

82.1%

79.3%

0.673

 Irritability

74.7%

72.2%

71.8%

77.0%

0.765

 Difficulty concentrating

72.8%

72.2%

66.7%

75.9%

0.560

 Hot flashes

71.6%

69.4%

71.8%

72.4%

0.946

 Trouble sleeping

66.7%

63.9%

74.4%

64.4%

0.504

Physical activity levels

 Low physical activity

15.3%

19.4%

11.1%

15.3%

0.889

 Moderate physical activity

44.6%

44.4%

44.4%

44.7%

 High physical activity

40.1%

36.1%

44.4%

40.0%

Measures of adiposity

 BMI (kg/m2)

28.0 (6.1)

27.6 (6.7)

29.8 (5.8)

27.5 (6.0)

0.151

 Percent body fat (%)

36.7 (7.8)

35.7 (7.4)

38.6 (7.8)

36.3 (8.0)

0.230

  1. a P-value for differences across the three time periods
  2. b Perceived Stress Scale-10 [22]
  3. c Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [21]